艾可直播

George A. SchraderFebruary 20, 1961

Schrader delivers an engaging performative defense of ethics as necessarily dialectical. Working dialectically from analytic to continental thought, from Plato to Sartre, Schrader advances the claim that this conception of morality is not condemned to Sartrean bad faith or Kierkegaardian despair. This talk may be of interest to current and former students of existential philosophy and ethical theory or anyone interested in learning about dialectical thinking. Schrader鈥檚 talk is spread over three recordings of excellent sound quality, with the question and answer segment beginning about 21 minutes into the second recording.

A.J. Ayer November 9, 1961

In this talk, Ayer explores personal identity. What is it that makes you who you are? Physical features of your body? Mental features of the mind? A combination of the two? If scientists could transfer all of your mental contents to another body, would you still be you? Ayer spends the majority of his talk critiquing P.F. Strawson鈥檚 position on the issue: namely that the concept of a person cannot be reduced to more basic features of the mind and body. Ayer rejects Strawson鈥檚 view and argues that personal identity is constituted by, or can be reduced to, both the particular bodies that we inhabit and our mental histories and experiences. The question-and-answer session begins after the one-hour talk and continues on Reel 1, Side B. The recording鈥檚 audio quality is quite good.

Justus Buchler February 19, 1962

In these reflections, Buchler distinguishes three types of meaning: morality of meaning, logic of meaning, and metaphysics of meaning. He goes on to consider various theories of meaning, such as Charles Sanders Peirce鈥檚 theory of pragmatism and the verification theory of meaning. Buchler鈥檚 remarks, which were followed by a question-and-answer session not included in this recording, would be of particular interest to current and former undergraduates and graduate students focusing on philosophy of language. The sound quality of his talk鈥檚 recording is not high, and the talk briefly is inaudible a little over halfway through its first installment.

Brand Blanshard February 25, 1963

Blanshard鈥檚 talk is an elegy for the approach and tradition of British Idealism, representing a 鈥減rinciple of sanity鈥� perhaps forever destroyed by the great wars. For Blanshard, this sanity was marked by a passion for rational order and intelligibility contingent on a rational system. His wide-ranging discussion addresses the demise of speculative metaphysics, manifestations of rational coherence in ethics and aesthetics, the swift revolution in [western] philosophy brought about by the rise of analytic and existentialist approaches, and the 鈥渘ew philosophy鈥� of linguistic analysis. While the lecture is complex, Blanshard is a dynamic and engaging speaker who weaves philosophical argument together with historical analysis and broad engagement with contemporary art, literature and poetry. There is also a buried gem toward the end of the talk when Blanchard exhorts the audience to take interest in the work of a 鈥淕erman refugee鈥� 鈥� Hannah Arendt, whose series on Eichmann in Jerusalem was published in The New Yorker in the weeks before Blanchard鈥檚 talk.

Ernest Nagel 20 February 1964

Fast forward to 4:30 where the lecture starts to hear Dr. Ernest Nagel argue that there is no incompatibility between free will and casual determinism. Nagel works through a number of common objections to the compatibility human agency and determinism and defends against misconceptions of determinism by drawing on examples from physics. This talk is accessible to a general audience interested in philosophy of action, challenges to the liberal ideology of agency, and the age-old question of the meaning of free will. The question-and-answer segment begins in the second reel at the 20-minute mark and the recording is of fine quality throughout.

Paul Weiss February 13, 1966

Professor Harold Durfee introduces Paul Weiss, Sterling Professor of Philosophy at Yale University, by noting that Weiss founded the Metaphysical Society of America and served as editor of The Review of Metaphysics. In this clear and accessible talk, Weiss frames the machine as topic, product, and agent/producer. He theorizes the tool as aesthetic experience, aesthetic object, and art object. For Weiss, a work of art is produced by an artist and is available to a spectator. A machine can tell what is right or wrong, but not what is good or bad. The sound quality of this recording is very good. The Q&A is not included in the recording.

Wilfrid Sellars February 15, 1966

Sellars鈥檚 speech centers on natural and social sciences鈥� relationship to morality. In the context of conducting several thought experiments, Sellars explores what the act of valuation means to ethicists as opposed to scientists. His speech is accessible to general audiences interested in issues of morality. The ensuing question-and-answer session begins about ten minutes before the end of the recording鈥檚 second part. While the recording鈥檚 audio quality is quite good, the last couple of minutes of the question-and-answer component are less easy to hear.

Isaiah Berlin October 13, 1966

Professor Harold Durfee introduces Isaiah Berlin of Oxford University, who reflects on why philosophy is a discipline that needs its practitioners to explain what it is in a way that other disciplines such as history and literature do not. Berlin contends that philosophers explain the world in which they live by erecting analogies. Empirical evidence does not figure into Berlin鈥檚 conception of philosophy. He differentiates philosophers鈥� concern with language from that of grammarians, lexicographers, and most linguists. The task of philosophers, according to Berlin, is the agonizing extraction of that which is taken for granted by disentangling tangled categories. The sound quality of this recording is average, though audible throughout. The Q&A is not included in the recording.

P.F. Strawson October 1968

This talk given by Dr. P.F. Strawson is a masterclass in the meaning of Kant鈥檚 relationship of perception and imagination. He begins with a discussion of the similarities of Hume and Kant鈥檚 accounts, an understanding requisite for analytic and continental philosophers alike interested in questions of sense and phenomena (and the relationship between figures like Frege, Wittgenstein, Husserl, and Heidegger). Jump to the second reel of this recording for a discussion of Wittgenstein鈥檚 famous 鈥渄uck/rabbit鈥� obsession. This talk is highly technical and may only be of interest to advanced scholars interested in the history of philosophy.

William Henry Walsh February 12, 1970

Walsh focuses herein on moral decisions鈥� individual determinants and social determinants, seeing conscience as an example of the former, laws as an instance of the latter, and social disapproval as bridging the two categories. In his view, then, morality is both a sphere of individual agency and an arena of corporate practice. About eight minutes before the end of this recording鈥檚 first part, he starts to discuss his ideas with his audience. Overall, his observations appear to presuppose knowledge of moral philosophy at the undergraduate level. While Walsh鈥檚 words can be heard fairly well (albeit over a low buzz in the background), the sound of his audience members鈥� questions is fainter.

John Niemeyer Findlay March 22, 1971

Reel 1, Side B contains the lecture by J.N. Findlay, Clark Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics at Yale University, who studied under Rudolph Carnap and Martin Heidegger.

Side A contains the Q&A of 30 minutes that follows the lecture. Through analysis of Brentano, Merleau-Ponty, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and Sartre, Findlay describes behavioral, phenomenological, and neural aspects of conscious life. He contends that phenomenological and behavioral perspectives both have metaphysical problems. His examination of a cortically mediated conscious life concludes with forms of consciousness that are not cortically mediated.

Alasdair MacIntyre March 29, 1972

This lecture explicates an early form of the argument, developed in MacIntyre鈥檚 1972 paper 鈥淧redictability and Explanation in the Social Sciences,鈥� that becomes the central claim of chapter 8 of After Virtue. Namely, that generalizations in social science lack predictive power or value. MacIntyre notes that while he is making what some listeners might consider a 鈥渞ather arcane point鈥� it is one that 鈥渉as extremely important social implications.鈥� Of his attempts to clarify a technical argument that he usually must 鈥渋llustrate on a blackboard鈥� MacIntyre delightfully says to the audience 鈥淵ou must forgive me, I am like a conjurer who has arrived on the stage without not only a hat, but without a rabbit either!鈥� While the talk is perhaps too technical for use as a teaching tool, it certainly holds scholarly value for those interested in the development of MacIntyre鈥檚 work. The audio is exceptionally clear, though a brief question and answer session at the end was not clearly captured on microphone.

Dieter Henrich March 7, 1974

In this lecture, Henrich attempts to unpack and defend Hegel鈥檚 Science of Logic, one of Hegel鈥檚 two major monographs that, over three volumes, focuses on the topics of being, essence, and the concept. Henrich explains that working through Hegel鈥檚 Science of Logic is no easy task, claiming that even Hegel鈥檚 students could not describe the work in a comprehensible way.
Henrich鈥檚 main claim is that Hegel鈥檚 science of knowledge is 鈥渕ore than a mere recapitulation and explication of a primary conceptual sequence.鈥� Contra some who view Hegel鈥檚 science of knowledge as foundationally arbitrary or reductive to only intuitive, aesthetic principles, Henrich argues that there is in fact a coherent logical foundation to Hegel鈥檚 Science of Logic that offers a 鈥渃ontrollable, methodological arsenal.鈥� The talk is approximately one hour and ten minutes long and is followed by a 45-minute question-and-answer (starting on Reel 1, Side B). Audience questions cannot be heard very well, if at all at times, but Henrich鈥檚 audio quality is quite good.

R.M. Hare1974

Hare promises to offer a 鈥渢heory of moral argument鈥� that helps adjudicate the debate about the moral permissibility of abortion. Hare criticizes two major argumentative approaches in the philosophical literature on abortion: 1) focusing on the rights of the fetus or mother and 2) attempting to answer the question of whether a fetus is a person. Hare proposes a third approach, instead asking what he calls the more direct question of whether it is permissible to kill a fetus. Following this approach, Hare concludes that is fetuses do not have the properties that makes it wrong to kill adult humans, and as such abortion is in many cases morally permissible. The sound quality of his talk鈥檚 recording is not high, and the talk is inaudible at various points. The talk is 45 minutes followed by 45 minutes of question-and-answer.

Basil Mitchell September 30, 1976

Mitchell considers the question of whether an explicitly religious ethics is possible, in light of philosophical approaches to the justification of morality. He points to the objection that a religious, specifically Christian, ethics 鈥渃annot be asked or answered鈥� philosophically. Mitchell鈥檚 discussion is clear and accessible to general audiences interested in the history of moral reasoning in the West and/or points of intersection between religious and philosophical approaches to fundamental ethical questions. Mitchell concludes that religious accounts represent a dimension of ethics worth the serious attention of moral philosophers. Audio quality is very good.

Albert Hofstadter April 5, 1978

Professor Harold Durfee opens by noting that before founding 艾可直播 University in 1893, philosopher John Fletcher Hurst published a History of Rationalism in 1885. Deputy chair, Professor David Rodier, introduces Albert Hofstadter of the New School for Social Research (who previously taught at Columbia and UC Santa Cruz). Hofstadter opens with a discussion of Marcel Duchamp to distinguish among art, the artist, artwork, and the automaton. Throughout his talk, Hofstadter refers to Pinder, Spinoza, Leibniz, Fichte, Nietzsche, Kant, Schelling, Heidegger, Hegel, and Sartre as he examines the quest for the truth of one鈥檚 being and the formation of the self. In concluding that truth and freedom belong together, he highlights Buddhist philosophy. The sound quality of this recording is very good. The Q&A is not included in the recording.

Michael Novak March 27, 1980

This very accessible talk introduces the motivations and driving questions of Novak鈥檚 1982 Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. Novak discusses how the lack of sustained scholarly examination of the moral and cultural norms that shape the emergence of capitalism in history motivate his work, and details emerging philosophical questions that shape his explication of democratic capitalism. The audio is very clear, and the discussion quite accessible to a general or student audience.